Ayurveda has a divine origin as believed by people in India. According to Indian mythology Lord Brahma (one of the Hindu God) is the creator of this earth. He created every thing that exists on earth. According to Vedas (Atharveda) ayurveda existed much before human came into existence.
Lord Brahma is creator of ayurveda as believed by legends and texts material available till date. History of ayurveda can be traced far back than 5000 years. Historians believe that ayurvedic texts may date back to 3000 to 5000 years.
There are many believes about the descent ayurveda on this earth .One of the believes is that, that lord Brahma the creator of ayurveda gave verbal lesson to Daksh Prajapati. Daksh Prajapati by hearted the whole knowledge given to him .Now from Daksh Prajapati the knowledge of ayurveda descended to Ashwani kumar commonly known as doctors of Gods. Ashwani kumar were twin brothers .It is said that they were so perfect in ayurvedic therapy that they had treated many diseases which are supposed to be miracles, as they were perfect in medicinal and surgical skills, they performed surgeries which are very hard to even think in present times. As mentioned in ayurvedic classical text they even had preformed head replacement surgeries. From these two brothers the knowledge of ayurveda passed to Lord of rains and king of heaven Lord Indra.
By this time ayurveda was supposed to be possessed only by Gods.
During this period people on earth were suffering from different diseases.
Seeing this suffering to mankind a group of rishis (can be called as researches or scientists in modern times) headed by rishi Bhardwaj went to Lord Indra and asked for help. Then Lord Indra gave them the knowledge of ayurveda..This was the first time knowledge of ayurveda descended on earth.
Punarvasu Atrey, the disciple of rishi Bhardwaj, then attained these miraculous treatment procedures. From Punarvasu Atrey this knowledge was passed to his six disciples. These six disciples were Agnivesh, Bhel, Jatukarna, Parashar, Harit and Ksharpani. All the six disciples created there own granths (wrote books) regarding ayurveda they have learned.
Out of these granths Agnivesh Tantra (name of the book written by rishi Agnivesh) became the most popular among them, which is now a days known as charak samhita.
Term ayurveda is a Sanskrit word which means knowledge of life (ayu = life; Veda = knowledge)
The Shasta (book), that explains 4 types of life
- Hittayu (good life): the life which has goodness, kindness, purity, alertness, spiritualism, calmness, mental balance and high quality thinking
- Ahittayu (bad life): the life which is full of cruelty, wrong doings, dependence, laziness, low thinking and mental degradation
- Sukhayu (good living): the life which has mental and physical satisfaction, good power of thinking, physical strength, healthy body, satisfaction in life, disease less body, energy like young people and mentally and physically sound
- Dukhayu (bad living) the life that is full of mental tensions, diseased body, unsatisfaction in life.
The knowledge that tells us what to eat, when to eat (aahar), how to reside (vihar), and how to behave (aachar). The book, which tells us, what kind of life style will lead to better living and long life, is ayurveda.
There are two major goals of ayurveda
- To maintain health oh a already healthy individual
- To make a person disease free
Ayurveda stress on maintaining health of a healthy person. All the texts written on ayurveda lay emphasis on maintaining health of the individual .All ayurvedic texts begin with the procedures regarding healthy living and methods to achieve sustainable health. An Ayurvedic text contains various ways by which hittayu and sukhayu can be achieved. Practical example can be seen in Indian villages where people practice these principles and attain more then 100 years of quality life. Now if by ignorance or by any other factor person gets diseased then ayurvedic medicines come into play. By this we can under stand that ayurveda does not presents itself as a medical science but it is a complete science for better living and healthy life.
As the name also suggests the word tridosha is composed of two words “tri” means three
And “doshas” means energetic forces. These three forces are:
- Vata
- Pitta
- Kapha
When these doshas are in harmony with each other and body, hittayu (good life) and sukhayu (good living) is achieved. It can easily be understood by the fact that if energy is in controlled state it is always good and useful but whenever it gets disturbed it causes lots of damages. Simillarly whenever doshas gets disturbed from their harmony they create uneasiness in human body.
These tridoshas are composed of panchmahabhoots
Panchmahabhoots are the 5 elements of which whole universe is composed of.
These are:
- Aakash (space or ether)
- Vayu (air)
- Agni (tej or fire)
- Jal (water)
- Prithvi (earth)
Well as mentioned earlier tridoshas are also composed of there panchmahabhootas
- Vata contains Aakash and Vayu mahabhoot
- Pitta contains Agni and Jal mahabhoot
- Kapha contains Jal and Prithvi mahabhoot
These tridoshas have specific place in body and perform important functions there
- Vata is placed in lower abdomen below umbilicus.
- Pitta is placed in upper abdomen above umbilicus
- Kapha is placed in chest region
All the three doshas are sub divided into five units.
These are:
- Pran Vayu
- Udaan Vayu
- Vyaan Vayu
- Samana Vayu
- Apaan Vayu
- Pachak pitta
- Ranjak pitta
- Sadhak pitta
- Alochak pitta
- Bharajak pitta
- Kledak kapha
- Avlambak kapha
- Bodhak kapha
- Tarpak kapha
- Shleshmak kapha
Now all the doshas will be explained below: -
It is most important of all the three doshas due to its unique property of mobility.
It is the most important factor by which any of the dosha, which is in imbalanced state, leaves its respective place to migrate to other places to cause disturbance in body. Due to its mobile nature it carries other doshas to place where they cause disturbance. Till vata remains normal in body, homeostasis is maintained in body.
- Light
- Cold
- Dry
- Rough
- Subtle
- Mobile
- Clear
- Dispersing
- Minute
- Astringent
- It is responsible for all kind of movements (internal as well as external) in the body.
- It assists in metabolic activities
- Controls all 13 natural urges as mentioned in ayurveda
- Controls all the secreations, excreations, impusion and expulsion processes in the body.
- All the motor and sensory activities are under the control of vata.
- Vata manages all emotional factors like fear, anxiety and excitement.
- Pran Vayu: its main function is to control respiration and manage the working of sense organs.
Location: head and chest
- Udaan Vayu: its main function is in speech and memory.
Location: head and throat
- Vyaan Vayu: its function is to control circulation in body and to supply nutrient to all the body cells
Location: whole body
- Samana Vayu: it is helpful in digestion of food and also helps in secretions of digestive enzymes.
Location: umbilicus region.
- Apaan Vayu: Apaan Vayu maintains all the excretion and expulsion activities of the body.
Location: below umbilicus region
It is the dosha that is associated with fire. Whenever any new product is formed in body or conversion of energy takes place in body pitta is definitely responsible for that. It brings warmth to the body and is responsible for producing energy which is required to carry out daily life processes.
- Penetrating power
- Oily
- Light
- Hot
- Pungent
- Fluid
- Dispersing nature
- Pitta is responsible in carrying out metabolic activities of body.
- Homoeothermia (maintenance of body temperature) is maintained in the body because of pitta.
- It facilitates digestion.
- Hormonal activities are controlled by pitta.
- Mental alertness and awareness is controlled by pitta
- Emotions like anger controlled by pitta.
- Complexion of skin and hair colour is also maintained by pitta.
- Pachak pitta: it the most important unit of pitta .it is responsible for digestion occurring in body
Location: umbilical region generally, specifically we can compare it with pancreas secretions
- Ranjak pitta: helps in conversion of digestive metabolites and also provides pigmentation to skin and formation of blood
Location: skin
- Sadhak pitta: mental alertness and maintain short term memory
Location: heart and brain
- Alochak pitta: it helps in seeing objects i.e. vision
Location: eyes
- Bharajak pitta: helps in an absorption activity through skin and glow in skin is maintained by it.
Location: skin
It is the most bulky of all the doshas. It is helpful in maintaining all the creations created by pitta. Its main function is to provide lubrication and easy working of the body.
- Heavy
- Cold
- Oily
- Slow
- Greasy
- Thick
- Stable
- Soft
- Keeps body’s energy stable
- Provides fullness to the body structures
- Promotes sexual urges
- Lubrication of body parts and joints
- Emotions like possessiveness and attraction is controlled by kapha
- Development and growth of body is also a major function of kapha.
- Increasing the bulk of the body.
- Kledak kapha: protects mucous membrane of digestives organs from getting depleted by actions of pitta.
Location: above umbilical area
- Avlambak kapha: it helps in proper functioning of heart and lungs..
Location: thoracic region
- Bodhak kapha: it provides proper taste sensation to our taste buds
Location: tongue
- Tarpak kapha: it is for mental calmness and intelligence and also provides nourishment to sense organs and brain.
Location: head
- Shleshmak kapha: it is present in joints and prevents wear and tear of the joints.
Location: joints
Besides these three doshas there are 2 doshas also mentioned in ayurvedic texts, which are known as manas (mind) doshas
These are:
- Rajas dosha
- Tammas dosha
As mentioned earlier in tridoshas, that vata is considered most important of all the three, in manas doshas rajas dosha is considered the most important as it has the property of making person work, which is necessary in any kind of mental disorder.
It has the property of willingness. It encourages mind to work. People, who have dominance of rajas property are of discouraged nature, remain sad but loves traveling. They have attitude in them and are impatient and easily loose their temper.
It creates dumbness in sensory organs and discourages mind to work. It makes mind work and helps in thinking. It creates heaviness in mind. People with predominance with Tammas property are lazy in nature, mentally weak, cruel and insensitive in nature.
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